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How to Prepare a Wet Mount Slide of Eukaryotic Cells
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In order to view small objects with a compound microscope, the object, or specimen to be viewed must be properly prepared, mounted on a slide, and sometimes stained to increase the contrast between the object and background. This technique is used for preparing eukaryotic cells for the microscope. In order to view bacteria (prokayotes), which are much smaller than plant and animal cells, a different technique is used called a bacterial smear.
How to Prepare a Wet Mount Microscope Specimen
Step One - Obtain a clean microscope slide.
Step Two - Place a drop of liquid on the slide. This is the “wet” part of the wet mount. The liquid used depends on the type of cell being viewed:
- If examining a plant cell, tap water can be used.
- If examining an animal cell, physiological saline ( or contact lens solution) must be used, because if plain water is used, the cell will explode from osmotic pressure. Unlike plant cells and bacteria, animal cells have no cell wall to structurally support them.
Step Three - Obtain the specimen to be used. Some introductory biology classics for viewing include:
- Skin of an onion bulb: In order to view the cells, a very thin layer of skin must be obtained. Take a single layer of onion and bend it towards the shiny side. After it snaps, pull gently, and a transparent layer of skin, similar to Scotch tape, will appear.
- Elodea leaf: Elodea leaves are two cell layers thick. The cells in one layer are smaller than the cells in the other, so elodea leaves can be used to better understand a microscope's depth of field.
- Cheek cells: Human epithelial cells can be obtained by gently rubbing a toothpick on the inside of the mouth, and then swirling the toothpick in the physiological saline on the slide.
- Pond water: Obtaining some water from a pond makes wet mount preparation a breeze, since the water and the specimens are both included.
Step Four - Place the specimen into the liquid on the slide.
Article Summary: Preparing a wet mount of a specimen is the technique typically used to view plant and animal cells. Here is the step by step process of slide preparation.
How to Prepare a Wet Mount Slide
This article originally appeared on Suite101 online magazine.
Page last updated:2/10/2012
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You have free access to a large collection of materials used in a college-level introductory microbiology course. The Virtual Microbiology Classroom provides a wide range of free educational resources including PowerPoint Lectures, Study Guides, Review Questions and Practice Test Questions.
Viewing a Prepared Microscope Slide
The specimen is now ready to be viewed through the microscope. Once the slide is positioned on the microscope stage, start at a low power magnification, and work up to the level of magnification required to get a god view of the specimen.
To learn more about preparing slides and using a microscope, see the Virtual Microbiology Classroom.
Step Five: If the specimen is transparent, such as onion skin or check cells, stain should be added to increase contrast. A drop of iodine or methylene blue is commonly used. Do not use stain if viewing photosynthetic cells (which already appear green due to chlorophyll), or living organisms, such as protozoans in pond water (stains will kill them).
Step Six: Place a cover slip over the specimen. This will sandwich the specimen between the slide and the cover slip. To avoid trapping air bubbles, set one edge of the cover slip on the slide, and then let the rest of the cover slip drop. As it drops from one side to the other, air will be pushed out, and this will reduce the number of bubbles in the wet mount.
SCIENCE PHOTOS
All photos wet mount of onion skin specimen being prepared and then viewed through microscope @ 400xTM.
